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There is a belted round based on the .338 Mag and came out even before the .300 Win. Mag. It is the .308 Norma Mag. It is also refered to as the ‘.30-.338 Win. Mag.’ Winchester did not like them using there case and beating them to a .30 cal mag. so they took the .338 and moved the neck forward to get a little more powder in it to get higher velocity hence born the .300 Win. Mag.
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As Trapper L pointed out the 30-338 Winchester and the 308 Norma are not the same. Most everyone believed that Winchester would standardize the 30-388 as their next 30 caliber magnum, this was not the case they did indeed move the shoulder forward on the 338 and produced the 300 Winchester mag, early criticized for having too short a neck to be accurate (this has not proven to be the case).
The 30-338 Winchester and the 308 Norma are great cartridges, very accurate and fairly efficient.