The average range for the 30+ Elk I have taken has to be about 140 yds. However, they sometimes are seen from afar in the areas I usually hunt, and they are not easy to approach. The closest I have shot one is about 35 yds.[running from another hunter, who had spooked it] Farthest is about 425 yds across a clear cut. Most of the Elk I have shot have been taken with a 7mm or 30 cal magnum, but I have shot them with the 7x57, the 30-06, the 264 Win Mag and a couple of other calibers. Several shots have been on running Elk, but none of these were very long shots. Regards, Eagleye.